The Complete Guide to CEFR Levels, Tests, and Global Recognition

CEFR Levels : The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is a globally recognized framework used to measure language proficiency.

Whether you’re preparing for a study abroad program, taking an international language exam, or assessing your progress in a new language, understanding CEFR levels is crucial.

At the Indian Institute of Foreign Languages, we offer all our language courses fully aligned with the CEFR framework. Whether you’re aiming for CEFR A1 or targeting advanced levels like CEFR B2 or C1, our structured programs are designed to support your goals. We also provide free demo classes so you can experience the teaching style and course content before enrolling.

What Is CEFR?

The CEFR, or Common European Framework of Reference, was developed by the Council of Europe to create a standardized way to evaluate and describe language proficiency. It is now used by schools, universities, governments, and employers across Europe, Asia, and the Americas. The framework helps learners understand where they stand in their language journey, and it ensures that certifications are universally understood across the CEFR scale.

CEFR Levels: A1 to C2

There are six CEFR levels, grouped into three broad categories:

Basic User

CEFR A1: Can understand and use familiar everyday expressions. Introduces oneself and asks basic questions.
A2: Can understand frequently used expressions related to areas of immediate relevance like shopping, family, and local geography.

Independent User

CEFR B1: Can deal with most situations likely to arise while travelling. Produces simple connected text on familiar topics.
CEFR B2: Can understand the main ideas of complex texts. Interacts with a degree of fluency and spontaneity.

Proficient User

C1: Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic, and professional purposes.
C2: Can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently, and precisely.

These CEFR language levels provide a clear structure for goal setting, assessment, and certification. They are also used in designing every major CEFR exam across institutions.

CEFR Test Options and Exams

A variety of internationally recognized CEFR tests are available for different languages:

German: Goethe-Zertifikat (aligned with CEFR A1–C2)
French: DELF/DALF exams (aligned with the CEFR framework)
Spanish: DELE certification (Instituto Cervantes, mapped to CEFR levels)
English: IELTS, Cambridge English, TOEFL (mapped to the CEFR scale)

Each of these exams includes listening, reading, writing, and speaking components. Your final result will be assigned a CEFR level based on your performance.

For learners interested in a self-assessment, many institutes offer CEFR language tests online. Duolingo also provides its own mapping to CEFR levels, although official certification requires standardized exams.

CEFR Scale and Vocabulary Range

Each level of the CEFR scale roughly correlates with the number of words you know and can use:

CEFR A1: ~600 words
A2: ~1,200 words
CEFR B1: ~2,500 words
CEFR B2: ~5,000 words
C1: ~9,000 words
C2: 16,000+ words

While vocabulary is only one component, it’s a helpful indicator of how much comprehension and expression a learner can manage.

CEFR in Different Languages

CEFR for German

The Goethe-Institut offers exams from CEFR A1 to CEFR C2. Their tests are widely accepted for visa and academic purposes in Germany and mapped to the official CEFR framework.

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CEFR for French

The DELF and DALF exams follow the CEFR framework and are required for many academic institutions and employers in Francophone countries.

Learn French

CEFR for Spanish

The DELE exam, conducted by Instituto Cervantes, maps directly onto the CEFR levels. From CEFR A1 to CEFR C2, students can earn a diploma valid for life. This is essential for learners targeting CEFR Spanish certifications.

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CEFR Framework and Global Recognition

The CEFR framework is now the benchmark for language proficiency worldwide. It is used not only in Europe but also by:

Universities in the U.S., Canada, and Australia
Immigration departments
Corporations hiring multilingual employees
Language learning apps like Duolingo and Babbel, many of which offer content up to CEFR B2 level

Governments rely on CEFR to set benchmarks for work permits, residency, and naturalization. For example, Germany often requires a B1 CEFR level for permanent residency.

CEFR Resources and Tools

To prepare for exams or assess your current level, the following CEFR resources are highly recommended:

Council of Europe’s CEFR Reference Page
Goethe-Institut
DELF/DALF Official Site
Instituto Cervantes
Online placement tests (British Council, Cambridge, etc.)

These CEFR resources help you plan your study and measure your progress accurately. They can guide you in choosing the right CEFR exam and understand where you fall on the CEFR scale.

FAQ: CEFR Explained

What is CEFR?

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is a system that classifies language proficiency into six levels, from A1 (beginner) to C2 (near-native).

What is a CEFR level?

A CEFR level describes your ability to use a language in real-life situations. It helps institutions and employers understand your communication skills.

What CEFR level is fluent?

Fluency usually starts at CEFR C1, where learners can express themselves smoothly, understand complex ideas, and interact effectively.

What does CEFR stand for?

CEFR stands for Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, created by the Council of Europe.

How many words for each CEFR level?

Each level requires a broader vocabulary:

A1: 600 words
A2: 1,200
B1: 2,500
B2: 5,000
C1: 9,000
C2: 16,000+

What is CEFR B1 level?

CEFR B1 is an intermediate level. Learners can deal with most daily situations, describe events, and express opinions.

What is CEFR in Duolingo?

Duolingo aligns its lessons with CEFR levels, offering content from A1 to CEFR B2. However, their certification is informal.

A level CEFR equivalent?

A high-scoring A-Level language student generally reaches CEFR B2 or C1, depending on study depth.

A level French CEFR equivalent?

An A-Level French exam may be equivalent to CEFR B2 or C1, depending on fluency and comprehension.

How do I check my CEFR level?

Take an official language test (like Goethe, DELF, DELE, or IELTS) or try an online CEFR language test from recognized institutions.